3:42 Liam Payne - Strip That Down ft. Quavo 3:44 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Remastered) 4:27 Multo (Stripped Down) - Cup of Joe | The Loved One OST (Official Lyric Visualizer) 4:23 Multo (Stripped Down) - Cup of Joe | The Loved One OST (Official Lyric Video) 4:39 Luke Bryan - Strip It Down (Official Music Video) 3:43 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Alternate Cut) (Official Video) 4:24 Vijana Barubaru - Sasa Hivi ft. Gogo Ashley Stripped Down (Official Video) sms SKIZA 5969019 to 811 3:25 Liam Payne - Strip That Down (Lyric Video) ft. Quavo 4:52 Highly Suspect, \"Vanity\": Stripped Down 9:40 Depeche Mode - The Sun And The Rainfall (Cyborg Remix by Dominatrix) 4:43 Etage Neun - Stripped (Depeche Mode cover) 9:45 Let It Fall 3:26 chanpan - endlessly (Stripped Down Live Performance) 5:20 Depeche Mode - Behind The Wheel (Rock Am Ring, 2006) 3:34 Killing Me Softly - Fugees/Roberta Flack (stripped cover ft. Rozzi) | stories 2:08 Archer Marsh - Lights (Stripped Down Version) [Official Audio] 10:34 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Stripped Down Special Mix) 3:23 Kotrell - Now and Always(stripped down) [Official audio + lyrics] 3:01 Archer Marsh - Confident (Stripped Down Version) [Official Audio] 4:52 Easy On Me - Adele (stripped-down cover ft. Hunter) | stories 1:20 brakence - hypochondriac (stripped down) 2:52 Portugal. The Man - Feel It Still [Live/Stripped Session]