3:42 Liam Payne - Strip That Down ft. Quavo 3:44 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Remastered) 4:39 Luke Bryan - Strip It Down (Official Music Video) 4:24 Vijana Barubaru - Sasa Hivi ft. Gogo Ashley Stripped Down (Official Video) sms SKIZA 5969019 to 811 4:52 Highly Suspect, \"Vanity\": Stripped Down 3:43 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Alternate Cut) (Official Video) 3:13 🔥 Stripped Down (Official Video) | Emotional R&B Song That Hits Deep 6:47 Depeche Mode – Stripped (Live from 101) HD 9:40 Depeche Mode - The Sun And The Rainfall (Cyborg Remix by Dominatrix) 4:50 Depeche Mode - In Your Room 4:43 Etage Neun - Stripped (Depeche Mode cover) 3:26 chanpan - endlessly (Stripped Down Live Performance) 3:34 Killing Me Softly - Fugees/Roberta Flack (stripped cover ft. Rozzi) | stories 3:02 Linkin Park - The Emptiness Machine (stripped-down version), live at EastWest Studios 4:54 Depeche Mode - Useless (Official Video) 5:52 Depeche Mode - It's No Good 3:25 Liam Payne - Strip That Down (Lyric Video) ft. Quavo 2:08 Archer Marsh - Lights (Stripped Down Version) [Official Audio] 4:03 Luke Bryan - Strip It Down (Official Lyric Video) 10:34 Depeche Mode - Stripped (Stripped Down Special Mix) 4:52 Easy On Me - Adele (stripped-down cover ft. Hunter) | stories 3:23 Kotrell - Now and Always(stripped down) [Official audio + lyrics] 5:37 Hypnogaja: TheMarch- Stripped Down Live with Curt Smith 1:20 brakence - hypochondriac (stripped down)